The phone rings: ‘Can you get me an OTTB?’

Cowboy magic: An OTTB goes western at a recent competition in Kentucky.

Cowboy magic: Penn National race trainer Clovis Crane and OTTB Yo Koffy won the Working Cattle division at RRP.

Before the last Thoroughbred had pranced out of the Kentucky Horse Park, Sue Smith’s phone started ringing, her email buzzing.

On everyone’s lips was the same question: Could she get them a competitive OTTB?

“I actually had to caution people to hold off’ leaping to adopt a Thoroughbred, says the longtime executive with Thoroughbred re-homing charity CANTER-PA. After nine years spent trying to convince prospective buyers to at least consider an ex-racehorse Thoroughbred, Smith says it feels pretty good to be part of a shifting tide.

A change that has come with the growing success of the Retired Racehorse Project’s yearly Thoroughbred demonstrations and competitions, which topped itself this year with its biggest, most inclusive Thoroughbred Makeover competition in Kentucky last month.

After roughly 165 horse & rider teams competed in myriad disciplines for big cash prizes, Smith, a board member of the Retired Racehorse Project, says people began clamoring right away for a horse to compete in the next Thoroughbred Makeover.

Picture perfect: The versatile Thoroughbred sport horse storms the hunting field.

Picture perfect: The versatile Thoroughbred sport horse storms the hunting field.

“People are already on the lookout for horses,” she says. “I had to caution people to hold of until we know what the eligibility requirements of the next show will be.” Thoroughbred Makeover rules often restrict the amount of post-racing training a Thoroughbred can have to qualify for competition, she says, adding, “We have requirements on the length of time a horse has been retired from racing, to make it fair to everyone, and to level the playing field.”

Once the rules for the next Makeover event are released, it’s Katie bar the door! The Thoroughbreds will be in big demand, and horses and horsemen alike will win.

“I would say we’ve been inundated with requests from people who wanted to enter the Makeover. Last year, from our small (CANTER) affiliate we had over 10 horses who were selected for that purpose. Not all made it to KY but that was their intent … Some of the others who were selecting horses for the Makeover had the intent to re-sell, which is a great service, as well,” Smith says. “I personally feel strongly that the best thing you can do for your horse’s safety is to provide him with basic training. One of the keys to any horse’s security is to have value and marketable skills that will hopefully protect him in the event that he changes hands.”

Selfies: A dappled gray gets into the perfect frame.

Selfies: A dappled gray gets into the perfect frame.

A Thoroughbred who has some good training under his belt stands a higher chance of being sold on to a good, safe home, she adds. And, training also increases their resale value.

“We saw numerous horses available for sale at Retired Racehorse Project with five-figure asking prices, so in a matter of 10 months a horse who was perhaps worth $1000 when he left the racetrack is now valued at 10 or 20 times that,” Smith says. “And while there is no guarantee that any horse will never end up in a bad spot, the likelihood is reduced when people attribute a considerable dollar value to the animal.”

When Smith was a kid, Thoroughbreds were in demand. Now’s she thinks that trend is coming back around.

“We just talked to a top dressage rider who is working with a very big name in the sport,” Smith says. “We didn’t have a horse at the moment who matched her criteria, but it was still pretty neat to get the call. It’s great to see the interest returning to Thoroughbreds.”

Don’t bet against a horse with screws

Dr. Patricia Hogan, DVM, has performed numerous lag screw fixation procedures on horses.

Dr. Patricia Hogan, DVM, has performed numerous lag screw fixation procedures on horses.

There are many red-flag phrases in the playbook for horse shoppers. ‘Lag screw fixation’ should not be one of them.

So explains top veterinary surgeon Dr. Patricia Hogan, a seasoned equine veterinarian who has performed lag screw fixation—a surgical technique used to mend fractures—on many Thoroughbreds, including the great Take Charge Indy.

In this week’s Veterinary Answers column, Hogan, a former board member of the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation (TRF), who performs charitable work for both the TRF and other equine charities, explains the technique of mending leg fractures, and offers insights on what the presence of screws means and does not mean in terms of an equine’s wellbeing.

“It’s such a misconception that horses who have screws are somehow devalued, or less sound than other horses,” Hogan says. “In most cases, it’s completely not the case. The presence of screws only means they’ve suffered an injury, which has been surgically repaired. Fractures that are repaired with screws heal fantastically, so well in fact that the affected bone is most likely the strongest bone in their body.”

Q: What is lag screw fixation?

Dr. Hogan answers questions during a busy day taking care of horses.

Dr. Hogan answers questions during a busy day taking care of horses.

Lag screw fixation has been around for 40 years or more. It’s minimally invasive (meaning screw placement requires only a small stab incision) and very effective at obtaining compression of the fracture.

It’s similar to a carpentry technique, where you take two pieces of wood, (or bone), and using carpentry principles, those pieces are “lagged” together.

It’s a surgical technique that has been entrenched in orthopedics for humans and horses. The nice thing about its effectiveness regarding the treatment of horses, who have major orthopedic challenges due to their size and need to remain mobile after surgery (so they don’t develop complications such as laminitis), is that we can fix a fracture with this method, and the fracture is then immediately stabilized, and thus the horses are weight-bearing. One of the major challenges with fracture fixation in horses, is that we have to stabilize fractures in a way that ideally does not require prolonged immobilization, or even a cast.

Q: Does lag screw fixation surgery get complicated?

By and large, in racehorses who experience a typical racing-related fracture, lag screw fixation is the ideal surgical method of repair, is fairly simple and routine, and in most cases, achieves the best possible outcome.

But there are degrees of difficulty in the types of fracture we see. Displaced condylar fractures, where part of the cannon bone has separated and commonly splinters, is a more challenging surgery but still amenable to lag screw fixation.

Dr. Hogan explains that lag screw fixation is also used in knee surgery.

Dr. Hogan explains that lag screw fixation is also used in knee surgery.

A second type and location, which can be very complicated, is in a slab fracture of the knee. There are very small bones in the knee, and they need to be mobile and the horse needs to be able to bend the knee. We use lag screws there as well, but it’s a bit more complicated because there can be a lot of small fragments (called comminution) and some significant joint damage, and we need to make the knee joint perfect for the horse to be comfortable.

The vital key to all joint-related fracture repair is to perfectly knit a joint back together. Some joints will have preexisting joint disease (i.e., arthritis), which can present another complicating factor affecting the prognosis. So a fracture may repair routinely but in most cases it is the condition of the affected joint that is ultimately the key to the long-term prognosis.

Q: You performed this surgery on a famous racehorse.

I am fortunate to take care of many famous racehorses but a fan favorite was TAKE CHARGE INDY. I repaired a complicated condylar fracture of his RF fetlock using lag screw fixation. He was referred to me as an emergency after a race at Monmouth Park in 2013. It was a difficult surgery, but we repaired it, and he is now an extremely comfortable stallion at WinStar Farm in Kentucky.

Q: You recently had another great success with a Standardbred pacer.

Yes a very top horse who broke his hind pastern, and I repaired it with four lag screws. Then just about when he was ready to make his first start back, he broke the other hind pastern, and I then put four screws in that bone. He’s back in full form now and as sound as ever.

Those two bones are probably the strongest bones in his body. He’s won all four of his starts now since coming back and against the best horses in the country. He recently won the Breeders’ Crown, and he won it convincingly. This horse is a great example of how far veterinary medicine has come and what we are now able to achieve with our equine athletes.

Q: The question of lag screws recently arose in the story of a former racehorse who had been running with four screws in his leg. Is the presence of lag screws ever a cause for concern?

Speaking in general terms, and not about that particular horse, it’s not the number of screws in the bone, but rather the location. If the screws are in a cannon bone, they need to be placed down near the joint. If they’re in the middle of the cannon bone, they should be removed after the fracture heals, because the bone does bend a little bit in the middle at high speeds, and if the screws were up high, there could be some effect there.

Q: Does the presence of screws indicate possible weakness in an animal’s skeletal structure?

The leg treated with screws becomes the strongest in the horse's body, she explains.

The leg treated with screws becomes the strongest in the horse’s body, she explains.

No. There are many, and I mean many world champions of both racing breeds, who have gone back to the races after surgery and have been extremely successful. And many others have gone on to highly successful and athletically demanding second careers.

The Thoroughbred filly, Personal Ensign is another famous example. She broke a hind pastern in her 2-year-old year and came back the next year, remained undefeated, and won the Breeders’ Cup. She had 5 screws placed by Dr. Bramlage (of Rood &Riddle), healed beautifully, and never looked back.

The bottom line is that the presence of screws themselves shouldn’t bother anybody who is looking at a horse for an Eventing career, or who wants to jump them. The fracture invariably heals well with this type of surgery and the screws are usually a non-issue. Rather the real key to the prognosis is the condition of the joint affected by the fracture and that is the area most deserving of evaluation.

About Dr. Hogan: Dr. Hogan has turned a lifetime love for horses into a successful career as an equine surgeon attending to some of the most valuable Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorses in the country. Dr. Hogan is originally from New Jersey and obtained her veterinary education at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1992. After an internship at the Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital and a 3-year surgical residency at Texas A&M University, Dr. Hogan returned home to New Jersey to practice. Dr. Hogan is an equine surgeon who is proficient in both orthopedic and soft tissue surgery disciplines. The majority of her patients are referred for fracture repair, arthroscopy, or upper airway surgery. Although the bulk of her caseload consists of Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses, some of her most memorable patients have never set foot on a racetrack and are just as valuable. Dr. Hogan’s background may be in racing, but her dedication to her patients is universal.

Beautiful Harry battles horrible illness

Harry's eyes have been bright, he has the will to live, Kress says.

Harry’s eyes have been bright, he has the will to live, Kress says.

Horrible Hairy Hog, a darkly beautiful OTTB rescued from the slaughter pipeline in September, has been stricken by an illness that caused him to go down.

The 17-year-old Thoroughbred, who was rescued by a team of caring individuals in a collaborative effort that helped him land safely at Our Farm Equine Rescue in New York, took a sudden turn in late October, says Sharon Kress.

Harry, as he is now named, suddenly and without warning, began to sweat, spiked a fever, and his hind leg ballooned up in size, Kress says, noting the onset of troubles began the night before Halloween.

Emergency veterinary care was immediately brought in and treatment began for colitis as doctors considered the possibility that he may have Potomac Horse Fever, Kress says.

“In a nutshell, for the past week and a half, we’ve been treating him for colitis stemming from what we thought was Potomac Horse Fever, which is curable,” Kress says. “And he seemed to be getting better, but then the fever would spike again.”

And then on Saturday, Nov. 7, Harry went down in his field.

Horrible Hairy Hog
Sire: Blushing Stage
Dam: Doc’s Hope
Foal date: March 6, 1998
“I was riding another horse at the time, and I looked over and I see him lie down in a field. I figured he was tired, but when I went over to his paddock, I could see he wasn’t looking good,” she says. “So I told him to get up and follow me. He got up and walked with me to the ingate, and as I went to attach the lead rope to his halter, he went down.”

He managed to get back up again and get to his stall, where this time he bobbled and went down hard, Kress says.

When he could finally stand again, he was taken back outside, where he simply collapsed to the ground; his eyes glassy and blank, his mouth slightly agape. “The barn owner thought he was taking his last breath … I thought he was having cardiac arrest,” she says. And the vet, who was fortunately en route for a different matter, began treating Harry for colic while more tests were ordered.

Harry started bobble and go down on Nov. 7. Sharon Kress of Our Farm Equine Rescue has worked round-the-clock to help him.

Harry started bobble and go down on Nov. 7. Sharon Kress of Our Farm Equine Rescue has worked round-the-clock to help him.

“By Sunday he looked good, but when I took his temperature, I discovered he had a 104.7,” she says. Veterinarians were again called to Harry’s side, and an ultrasound was done, and blood work taken by a team of top vets in the area.

The sudden episode of dropping, combined with a spiked fever came just as Harry was starting to regain his strength after months of rehabilitation, she says.

Though both vets and Kress were stymied by this sudden turn, they offered hopeful news last night, following an afternoon of tests, Kress says. Vets found no evidence of a cancer or bleeding ulcer, and for the first time since the episode began, Harry’s demeanor had changed.

When Kress visited last night, Harry seemed to be returning to his normal self. “This was the first time he has looked like this since he fell ill a week and a half ago. He didn’t hang his head once!” she says. “To look at him, I would say he still has some years left. He has bright eyes. He wants to stay alive, there’s nothing weak-minded about this horse.”

Harry went down in his stall, with his mouth agape.

Harry went down in his stall, with his mouth agape.

Vets have placed him on a new regimen. He has started on 10 day-course of Baytril, effective for both the intestinal inflammation and for his leg cellulitis, she adds.

Harry’s return to health has been slower than Kress would have liked, even before his latest episode began.

He didn’t gain weight was readily as she would have liked to see.

“He came here with a body score of 1.5 (on the Henneke Body Condition Scale), so he was pretty bad. What we did see, before he got sick, was that he was really enjoying his new life. Right before all this, I had started to lunge him, and he broke into this gorgeous canter he was feeling so good. It was truly stunning. And he was very sound.”

With that glimpse of what could be, Harry has taken his rescuers on a wild, and costly ride.

Harry’s care has climbed to thousands of dollars. Donations to help defray costs can be made via the charity’s general veterinary care fund via a Go Fund Me Account, or through Pay Pal: donations@ourfarmequinerescue.org, says Kress.

Kress adds that she is fully prepared to decide when the cost is too high, or when Harry is not ready to go on.

She explains that there is a fundraiser in place to cover the costs already incurred. And if tests were to show the animal requires a very expensive surgery, that the rescue is prepared to call a halt, as he is “not a good surgical candidate.”

“Right now, we still don’t know” what’s wrong. “Obviously for him to be sick this long is not great, but nobody’s ruling out a full recovery either. He sailed through quarantine” after his rescue from a Pennsylvania kill pen “and he was a healthy horse who needed to gain weight. He was on the road to recovery, when he took a turn.”

Harry was rescued in September, with tremendous help from Alice Fulton and Dawn Deams, both of whom gave hours of their time to network and fundraise for the former racehorse.